---
id: "quote-model-is-chips-cooling"
type: "quote"
source_timestamps: ["¶2"]
tags: ["ai-economics", "physical-assets"]
related: ["concept-ai-industrial-economics"]
speaker: "Yinuo Tang and Eric Yanfei Zhao"
speakers: ["Yinuo Tang", "Eric Yanfei Zhao"]
sources: ["futures"]
sourceVaultSlug: "hbr-seg-futures"
originDay: 2
articleStem: "hbr-nm-101-energy-strategy-ai"
sourceUrl: "https://hbr.org/2026/06/your-company-needs-an-energy-strategy-for-ais-next-phase"
sourceTitle: "Your Company Needs an Energy Strategy for AI’s Next Phase"
---
# A model is not just code

> "A model is not just code. It is chips, cooling, land, interconnection rights, and power contracts."

— [[entity-yinuo-tang]] and [[entity-eric-yanfei-zhao]] (¶2)

## Significance
The definitional line for [[concept-ai-industrial-economics]] and the crux of the contrarian claim [[contrarian-ai-is-industrial]]: AI is an industrial asset, not a frictionless digital one.