---
id: "quote-chhabria-competing"
type: "quote"
source_timestamps: ["¶6"]
tags: ["fair-use", "market-harm"]
related: ["concept-fair-use-divergence", "entity-judge-vincent-chhabria"]
speaker: "Judge Vincent Chhabria"
speakers: ["Judge Vincent Chhabria"]
sources: ["tail2"]
sourceVaultSlug: "hbr-seg-tail2"
originDay: 2
articleStem: "hbr-tail-126-genai-copyright"
sourceUrl: "https://hbr.org/2025/07/can-gen-ai-and-copyright-coexist"
sourceTitle: "Can Gen AI and Copyright Coexist?"
---
# Judge Chhabria on Market Substitution

> "Using books to teach children to write is not remotely like using books to create a product that a single individual could employ to generate countless competing works with a miniscule fraction of the time and creative it would otherwise take."

— attributed to [[entity-judge-vincent-chhabria]], *Kadrey v. Meta* (¶6)

The market-substitution pole of [[concept-fair-use-divergence]], contrasting the human-learning analogy of [[quote-alsup-transformative]]. **Verification flag:** this exact wording could not be confirmed in the enrichment's web sources and may be a paraphrase of the opinion or secondary reporting; the underlying emphasis on market harm is consistent with analyses of Chhabria's disposition.