---
id: "entity-john-maynard-keynes"
type: "entity"
entityType: "person"
canonicalName: "John Maynard Keynes"
aliases: ["Keynes"]
canonical_url: "https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Maynard-Keynes"
source_timestamps: ["§ Beyond the Organization: A Societal Shift", "¶22"]
tags: ["economist", "historical-figure"]
related: ["question-future-skills"]
sources: ["reskilling"]
sourceVaultSlug: "hbr-seg-reskilling"
originDay: 10
articleStem: "hbr-edu-46-perils-replace-entry-level"
sourceUrl: "https://hbr.org/2025/09/the-perils-of-using-ai-to-replace-entry-level-jobs"
sourceTitle: "The Perils of Using AI to Replace Entry-Level Jobs"
---
# John Maynard Keynes

**John Maynard Keynes** is the influential economist cited for having predicted almost 100 years ago that technological progress would reduce the workweek to **15 hours by the year 2030**. The authors invoke him in the societal-shift section to frame the long-running gap between predicted and actual technology-driven changes to work.

**Enrichment context:** Keynes's 15-hours-by-2030 forecast is a benchmark frequently cited when discussing technology and future work hours — a cautionary reference point for the strategic uncertainty captured in [[question-future-skills]].