---
id: "entity-brussels"
type: "entity"
entityType: "organization"
canonicalName: "Brussels (European Union)"
aliases: ["European Union", "EU", "European Commission", "Brussels"]
source_timestamps: ["\\\"§ Industrial Policy", "Capital Flows", "and the Geopolitics of AI\\\""]
source_url: "https://hbr.org/2025/10/is-ai-a-boom-or-a-bubble"
source_title: "Is AI a Boom or a Bubble?"
tags: ["government", "regulation", "industrial-policy"]
related: ["concept-geopolitical-ai-acceleration", "concept-regulatory-sandboxes"]
sources: ["futures"]
sourceVaultSlug: "hbr-seg-futures"
originDay: 2
articleStem: "hbr-foci-74-ai-boom-or-bubble"
sourceUrl: "https://hbr.org/2025/10/is-ai-a-boom-or-a-bubble"
sourceTitle: "Is AI a Boom or a Bubble?"
---
# Brussels (European Union)

Shorthand for the **regulatory apparatus of the EU**. Initially focused heavily on **risk management**, it pivoted to launch the **AI Continent Action Plan** and a **€1 billion Apply AI initiative** after CEOs warned that overregulation was causing a loss of global competitiveness. The EU is the European actor in [[concept-geopolitical-ai-acceleration|geopolitical AI acceleration]] and the reference point for [[concept-regulatory-sandboxes|regulatory sandboxes]].

> **Enrichment note:** Canonical references are the European Commission main site and DG CONNECT / AI-policy pages. EU institutions in Brussels have led global AI regulation, including the **EU AI Act**; the over-regulation-vs-innovation debate has shaped recent industrial policy.